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''Kalapuya brunnea'' is a species of truffle in the monotypic fungal genus ''Kalapuya''. The truffle occurs only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, in western Oregon and northern California. Known locally as the Oregon brown truffle, it was formerly thought to be an undescribed species of ''Leucangium'' until molecular analysis demonstrated that it was distinct from that genus. The truffle is reddish brown with a rough and warty outer skin, while the interior spore-producing gleba is initially whitish before developing greyish-brown mottling as it matures. Mature truffles have an odor resembling garlicky cheese, similar to mature Camembert. The species has been harvested for culinary purposes in Oregon. ==Taxonomy== }} |caption=A cladogram depicting the phylogeny of ''Kalapuya'' and related Morchellaceae genera based on DNA sequences〔 }} The species was first described scientifically in 2010, based on specimens collected in February, 2009 from Benton County, Oregon. Before this, it had been known locally for several years as the Oregon brown truffle, and assumed to be an undescribed species of ''Leucangium'', based on its overall resemblance to and similar habitat as the Oregon black truffle, ''Leucangium carthusianum'';〔 it was given the provisional name ''Leucangium brunneum''.〔 Molecular analysis of DNA sequences revealed that the species is not related to the truffle genera of the family Tuberaceae, including ''Tuber'', ''Dingleya'' and ''Reddellomyces''. Rather, it has close affinity with the hypogeous (below the soil surface) genera of the Morchellaceae, including ''Fischerula'', ''Imaia'', and ''Leucangium'', but both genetic and morphological characters are sufficiently distinct to warrant designation as a distinct genus. All four hypogeous Morchellaceae genera produce huge spores, with sizes ranging from 32 to 100 micrometers (μm). Both ''Kalapuya'' and ''Imaia'' have asci (spore-bearing cells) that have thick cell walls when young, but become thin when mature—a trait not shared with ''Fischerula''. The authors explain that although the hypogeous Morchellaceae genera share the trait of large spore size, striking differences in spore structure and other morphological difference in microscopic characters would have ruled out placing them in the same family as ''Morchella'', were it not for the convincing molecular evidence proving their relatedness.〔 The generic name ''Kalapuya'' refers to the Kalapuya people, a Native American ethnic group whose traditional homelands encompassed the range of the fungus. The Kalapuya people, however, are not known to have eaten the truffle, and some regard mushrooms as taboo food. The specific epithet ''brunnea'' is Latin for "brown", the color of the mature truffle.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalapuya brunnea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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